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Is anti-inflammatory
Has anticoagulant properties
Accelerated healing
Potentiates the action of antibiotics
This enzyme is derived from pineapple and is in a very concentrated form.
It contains some enzymes, but mostly proteases.
Prevents the symptoms of angina, Inhibits platelet aggregation,
Accelerates healing of surgical and musculoskeletal injuries,
Acts as a mucolytic to assist the clearing of sputum from the respiratory
tract
Dosage: 3 - 6 capsules per day on an empty stomach or as prescribed
Modulates cytokines, the clotting cascade and prostaglandins
Possesses powerful skin debridement properties
It interferes with the growth of cancer cells
CELLULAR PROTECTION - The first documented use of oral bromelain on cancer
patients was in 1972. Twelve patients with ovarian and breast tumours
were given 600 mg of bromelain daily for from 6 months to several years,
with reported resolution of some of the cancerous masses and a decrease
in metastasis. Bromelain in doses of over 1000 mg daily has been combined
with chemotherapeutic agents such as vincristine, and has been reported
to result in tumour regression.
Pineapples for Cancer?
Well, not exactly. But "...bromelain, an extract from pineapple
stem that contains proteinases [splits protein] and exhibits ...many therapeutic
effects, i.e., [anti-swelling of tissue due to excessive water retention].
anti-inflammatory, anti-metastic [cancer spreading], anti-thrombotic [anti-blood
clotting]...In this study we tested bromelain's effects on glioma [brain
and spinal cord] cells to assess whether bromelain could be a potential
contributor to new anti-invasive strategies for [cancers of these cells.]"
What they found was that "Bromelain reversibly inhibits invasive
properties of glioma cells." [Thereby preventing the spread of tumors.]
Emphasis added.
By: Tysnes, Maurer, Probst, Bjerkvig & Hoover, Dept. of Anatomy and
Cell Biology, U. of Bergen, Bergen N-5009, Norway. In: Neoplasia, vol.
6, 2001.
Clin Immunol. 2005 Jun 1; [Epub ahead of print] : Treatment with oral
bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine
model of inflammatory bowel disease.
Hale LP, Greer PK, Trinh CT, Gottfried MR.
Department of Pathology, DUMC 3712, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
NC 27710, USA.
Bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem that
is marketed in health food stores as a "digestive aid". Orally
administered bromelain was anecdotally reported to induce clinical and
endoscopic remission of ulcerative colitis in two patients whose disease
was refractory to multi-agent conventional medical therapy. However, the
potential efficacy of bromelain in colitis has not yet been tested rigorously
in either animals or humans. In this study, the clinical and histologic
severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was determined in IL-10(-/-)
mice treated orally with bromelain in vivo. Daily treatment with oral
bromelain beginning at age 5 weeks decreased the incidence and severity
of spontaneous colitis in C57BL/6 IL-10(-/-) mice. Bromelain also significantly
decreased the clinical and histologic severity of colonic inflammation
when administered to piroxicam-exposed IL-10(-/-) mice with established
colitis. Proteolytically active bromelain was required for anti-inflammatory
effects in vivo. Adverse effects of dermatitis, hair loss, and weight
loss due to mucositis were rare, dose related, and were not seen in wild-type
mice treated orally with up to 1000 mg bromelain/kg/day for 18 weeks.
Although the exact mechanisms by which exogenous proteinases affect bowel
inflammation have not yet been determined, the results justify additional
studies of this complementary biologically based approach to treatment
of IBD.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Mult Scler. 2005 Apr;11(2):166-8. : A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study of oral hydrolytic enzymes in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Baumhackl U, Kappos L, Radue EW, Freitag P, Guseo A, Daumer M, Mertin
J.
Department of Neurology, Central Clinic, St Poelten, Austria.
neurologie@kh-st-poelten.at
Oral administration of hydrolytic enzymes (HE), such as bromelain, trypsin
and rutosid, may have beneficial effects on the clinical course of neurological
symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (MS). This is supported by a complete
protection by HE from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal
model related to MS. Three hundred and one patients with relapsing MS
were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. No treatment
effect between the placebo and the HE groups was found either for clinical
or MRI parameters.In Vivo. 2005 Mar-Apr;19(2):417-21. : Therapeutic use,
efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS
in children with acute sinusitis in Germany.
Braun JM, Schneider B, Beuth HJ.
Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (IKIT), Interdisciplinary
Centre of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Leipzig, Johannisallee
30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Josef.Beuth@medizin.uni-Koeln.de The therapeutic efficiency and safety
of the proteolytic enzyme bromelaine obtained from pineapple (Bromelain-POS,
Ursapharm GmbH, Saarbrucken, Germany) was evaluated in children under
the age of 11 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis. Data from 116 patients
from 19 centres located across Germany were analysed in a pharmacoepidemiological
cohort study. Patient cohorts were either treated with Bromelain-POS (N
= 62), in combination with Bromelain-POS and standard therapies (N = 34),
or with standard therapies (N = 20). The primary parameter measuring effectiveness
of the different treatment groups was the duration of symptoms. The shortest
mean period of symptoms was observed in patients treated with Bromelain-POS
alone (6.66 days), followed by the standard therapy (7.95 days) and those
treated with a combination of Bromelain-POS and the standard therapy (9.06
days). Patients of the Bromelain-POS monotherapy group showed a statistically
significant faster recovery from symptoms (p = 0.005) compared to the
other treatment groups. One 10-year-old male patient, with a known pineapple
allergy, showed a self-limiting mild allergic reaction. No other unwanted
side-effects were reported. This trial documents that the proteolytic
pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS is widely used in the treatment of young
children diagnosed with acute sinusitis in Germany and that the use of
proteolytic enzymes can benefit such patients.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Burns. 2004 Dec;30(8):843-50. : Safety and efficacy of a proteolytic enzyme
for enzymatic burn debridement: a preliminary report.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rosenberg L, Lapid O, Bogdanov-Berezovsky A, Glesinger R, Krieger Y, Silberstein
E, Sagi A, Judkins K, Singer AJ.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and the Burn Unit, Soroka
University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel, POB 151, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
proflior@netvision.net.il A prospective, non-comparative study design
was used to describe our experience with a bromelain-derived debriding
agent, Debridase, in 130 patients with 332 deep second degree and third
degree burns treated between 1984 and 1999. Debridase was applied after
saturating the burns with a moist dressing for 2-24h. Debridase was applied
for a period of 4h under an occlusive dressing. Mean patient age was 18.6
+/- 19.3, 42 (32.3%) were female, and 63 (48.5%) were children under age
18. Most burns were small. Debridase was applied once in 241 (72.6%) of
the 332 wounds, twice in 67 (20.18%) cases, three times in 12 (3.61%)
cases, and four times in 2 (0.6%) cases. The percentage debridement by
number of applications was 89 +/- 21% for a single application, 77 +/-
27% for two, and 62 +/- 27% for three Debridase applications, respectively.
There were no significant adverse events. The availability of a fast acting,
reliable and complication-free enzymatic debriding agent may open new
horizons and provide a new treatment modality for burns.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2004 Dec;1(3):251-257. Epub 2004 Oct
6. : Bromelain as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: a Review of Clinical
Studies.
Brien S, Lewith G, Walker A, Hicks SM, Middleton D.
Bromelain, an extract from the pineapple plant, has been demonstrated
to show anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may provide a safer
alternative or adjunctive treatment for osteoarthritis. All previous trials,
which have been uncontrolled or comparative studies, indicate its potential
use for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This paper reviews the mechanism
of its putative therapeutic actions, those clinical trials that have assessed
its use in osteoarthritis to date, as well as considering the safety implications
of this supplement for osteoarthritis and reviewing the evidence to date
regarding the dosage for treating this condition. The data available at
present indicate the need for trials to establish the efficacy and optimum
dosage for bromelain and the need for adequate prospective adverse event
monitoring in such chronic conditions as osteoarthritis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Jun;49:617-21. : Efficacy and tolerability
of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthrosis
of knee joint: an open randomized controlled clinical trial.
Tilwe GH, Beria S, Turakhia NH, Daftary GV, Schiess W.
Department of Medicine, GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of an oral enzyme
preparation (Phlogenzym) with that of an NSAID (diclofenac) in the treatment
of active osteoarthrosis. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, controlled,
single-blind study of seven weeks duration at a tertiary care centre wherein
50 patients aged 40-75 years, with activated osteoarthrosis of knee joint
were randomized to receive phlogenzym tablets (2-3 tablets, bid) or diclofenac
sodium 50 mg bid for three weeks. RESULTS: At the end of therapy (three
weeks) and at follow-up visit at seven weeks there was reduction in pain
and joint tenderness and swelling in both groups, and slight improvement
in the range of movement in the study group. The reduction in joint tenderness
was greater (p < 0.05) in the study group receiving phlogenzym. CONCLUSION:
Phlogenzym is as efficacious and well tolerated as diclofenac sodium in
the management of active osteoarthrosis over three weeks of treatment.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research
Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):681-6. : Bromelain reduces mild acute knee
pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study
of otherwise healthy adults.
Walker AF, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW.
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, The University of Reading, UK.
a.f.walker@reading.ac.uk
There is preliminary clinical evidence to support the contention that
the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of bromelain help to reduce
symptoms of osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis. However, there have been
no controlled studies of its effects on joint health in healthy subjects
who lack such diagnosis. The current study investigated the effects of
bromelain on mild acute knee pain of less than 3 months duration in otherwise
healthy adults. The study was an open, dose-ranging postal study in volunteers
who had been recruited through newspaper and magazine articles. Two validated
questionnaires (WOMAC knee health Index and the Psychological Well-Being
Index) were completed at baseline and after one month's intervention with
bromelain, randomly allocated to volunteers as either 200 mg or 400 mg
per day. Seventy seven subjects completed the study. In both treatment
groups, all WOMAC symptom dimension scores were significantly reduced
compared with baseline, with reductions in the final battery (total symptom
score) of 41 and 59% (P = 0.0001 and <0.0001) in the low and high dose
groups respectively. In addition, improvements in total symptom score
(P = 0.036) and the stiffness (P = 0.026) and physical function (P = 0.021)
dimensions were significantly greater in the high-dose (400 mg per day)
compared with the low-dose group. Compared to baseline, overall psychological
well-being was significantly improved in both groups after treatment (P
= 0.015 and P = 0.0003 in the low and high dose groups respectively),
and again, a significant dose-response relationship was observed. We conclude
that bromelain may be effective in ameliorating physical symptoms and
improving general well-being in otherwise healthy adults suffering from
mild knee pain in a dose-dependant manner. Double blind, placebo-controlled
studies are now warranted to confirm these results
Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use.
Bromelain is a crude extract from the pineapple that contains, among other
components, various closely related proteinases, demonstrating, in vitro
and in vivo, antiedematous, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic
activities. The active factors involved are biochemically characterized
only in part. Due to its efficacy after oral administration, its safety
and lack of undesired side effects, bromelain has earned growing acceptance
and compliance among patients as a phytotherapeutical drug. A wide range
of therapeutic benefits has been claimed for bromelain, such as reversible
inhibition of platelet aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis,
surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis, pyelonephritis and enhanced absorption
of drugs, particularly of antibiotics. Biochemical experiments indicate
that these pharmacological properties depend on the proteolytic activity
only partly, suggesting the presence of nonprotein factors in bromelain.
Recent results from preclinical and pharmacological studies recommend
bromelain as an orally given drug for complementary tumor therapy: bromelain
acts as an immunomodulator by raising the impaired immunocytotoxicity
of monocytes against tumor cells from patients and by inducing the production
of distinct cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin (Il)-1beta,
Il-6, and Il-8. In a recent clinical study with mammary tumor patients,
these findings could be partially confirmed. Especially promising are
reports on animal experiments claiming an antimetastatic efficacy and
inhibition of metastasis-associated platelet aggregation as well as inhibition
of growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. Apparently, the antiinvasive
activity does not depend on the proteolytic activity. This is also true
for bromelain effects on the modulation of immune functions, its potential
to eliminate burn debris and to accelerate wound healing. Whether bromelain
will gain wide acceptance as a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation,
is antimetastatic and facilitates skin debridement, among other indications,
will be determined by further clinical trials. The claim that bromelain
cannot be effective after oral administration is definitely refuted at
this time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clin Immunol. 2002 Aug;104(2):183-90. : Bromelain treatment alters leukocyte
expression of cell surface molecules involved in cellular adhesion and
activation.
Hale LP, Greer PK, Sempowski GD
. Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Bromelain is a natural proteinase preparation derived from pineapple stem
that is marketed for oral use as a digestive aid and as an antiinflammatory
agent. Bromelain treatment in vitro has been previously shown to selectively
remove certain cell surface molecules that may affect lymphocyte migration
and activation. This study reports the effects of bromelain on a broad
range of cell surface molecules and on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes
under physiologically relevant conditions. In vitro bromelain treatment
of leukocytes in whole blood proteolytically altered 14 of 59 leukocyte
markers studied. Constitutively expressed bromelain-sensitive molecules
included CD7, CD8alpha, CD14, CD16, CD21, CD41, CD42a, CD44, CD45RA, CD48,
CD57, CD62L, CD128a, and CD128b. The proteolytic effect of bromelain increased
as the concentration of plasma decreased, with EC50 ranging from >1000
microg/ml for 100% plasma to approximately 1 microg/ml in the absence
of plasma, indicating the presence of an inhibitor of bromelain in plasma.
alpha2-macroglobulin purified from plasma mimicked the inhibitory effect
of whole plasma on bromelain activity. If proteolysis is required for
the antiinflammatory actions of oral bromelain, these data suggest that
the required concentrations are more likely to be achieved locally in
the gastrointestinal tract or in other tissue sites where the plasma concentration
is low, rather than in the bloodstream. The cell surface molecules altered
by bromelain are involved in leukocyte homing and cellular adhesion and
activation. Thus bromelain could potentially exert an antiinflammatory
effect by multiple mechanisms, including alterations in leukocyte migration
and activation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. 1: Cell Mol Life
Sci 2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45
Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use.
Maurer HR.
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute
of Pharmacy, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany. hrmaurer@zedat.fu-berlin.de
Bromelain is a crude extract from the pineapple that contains, among other
components, various closely related proteinases, demonstrating, in vitro
and in vivo, antiedematous, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic
activities. The active factors involved are biochemically characterized
only in part. Due to its efficacy after oral administration, its safety
and lack of undesired side effects, bromelain has earned growing acceptance
and compliance among patients as a phytotherapeutical drug. A wide range
of therapeutic benefits has been claimed for bromelain, such as reversible
inhibition of platelet aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis,
surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis, pyelonephritis and enhanced absorption
of drugs, particularly of antibiotics. Biochemical experiments indicate
that these pharmacological properties depend on the proteolytic activity
only partly, suggesting the presence of nonprotein factors in bromelain.
Recent results from preclinical and pharmacological studies recommend
bromelain as an orally given drug for complementary tumor therapy: bromelain
acts as an immunomodulator by raising the impaired immunocytotoxicity
of monocytes against tumor cells from patients and by inducing the production
of distinct cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin (Il)-1beta,
Il-6, and Il-8. In a recent clinical study with mammary tumor patients,
these findings could be partially confirmed. Especially promising are
reports on animal experiments claiming an antimetastatic efficacy and
inhibition of metastasis-associated platelet aggregation as well as inhibition
of growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. Apparently, the antiinvasive
activity does not depend on the proteolytic activity. This is also true
for bromelain effects on the modulation of immune functions, its potential
to eliminate burn debris and to accelerate wound healing. Whether bromelain
will gain wide acceptance as a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation,
is antimetastatic and facilitates skin debridement, among other indications,
will be determined by further clinical trials. The claim that bromelain
cannot be effective after oral administration is definitely refuted at
this time.
Effects of oral bromelain administration on the impaired immunocytotoxicity
of mononuclear cells from mammary tumor patients.
These data suggest, that orally applied bromelain stimulates the deficient
monocytic cytotoxicity of mammary tumor patients, which may partially
explain its proposed antitumor activity.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1988;114(5):507-8
Antimetastatic effect of bromelain with or without its proteolytic and
anticoagulant activity. Batkin S, Taussig SJ, Szekerezes J.
Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813. Bromelain,
a pineapple-derived plant product, added to C57Bl/6 mice laboratory chow
decreased lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells implanted s.c. This
antimetastatic potential was demonstrated by both the active and inactive
bromelain with or without proteolytic, anticoagulant properties
Bromelain 600Gdu-Gm 500mg 60T SN0906 $NZ13.23
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